{"id":5242,"date":"2021-06-23T12:44:58","date_gmt":"2021-06-23T05:44:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/10.228.23.44:31077\/?p=5242"},"modified":"2025-01-29T13:19:09","modified_gmt":"2025-01-29T06:19:09","slug":"knowledge-solar-cell","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.entec.or.th\/knowledge-solar-cell\/","title":{"rendered":"Solar cell power"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5242\" class=\"elementor elementor-5242\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-aefd1b5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"aefd1b5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ce41505\" data-id=\"ce41505\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c602634 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c602634\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/www.entec.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/banner-28.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5244\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.entec.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/banner-28.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.entec.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/banner-28-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.entec.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/banner-28-768x403.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.entec.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/banner-28-16x8.jpg 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a065d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a065d2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-09b515e\" data-id=\"09b515e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-44d3d2e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"44d3d2e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-223d416\" data-id=\"223d416\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9523d5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9523d5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\">By Dr. Amornrat Limmanee, Solar Photovoltaic Team Leader of Solar Photovoltaic Research Team,Energy Innovation Research\u00a0 Group of ENTEC Interviewed by Dr. Buncha Thanaboonsombut Article by Mrs. Orawan Sumriddetkajorn<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c76d13c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c76d13c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bf485be\" data-id=\"bf485be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-deb1c54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"deb1c54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Q: Could you tell us about your educational background? We have known that you studied high school in Japan, right?<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b8a7c77 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b8a7c77\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2cd935d\" data-id=\"2cd935d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f831c8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f831c8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">A:\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c79cf94 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c79cf94\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-36cb205\" data-id=\"36cb205\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f97ef3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f97ef3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>After I graduated from junior high school in Thailand, I won a government scholarship to study in Japan for one year. Later, I continued to study high school until I graduated with a Ph.D. in physical electronics, totaling 13 years in Japan.<\/p><p>I have always had a passion for science and mathematics, therefore studying in Japan was a great opportunity since Japan is one the most advanced countries in the world in electronics technology. I, thus, chose to study electrical engineering.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0e3e839 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0e3e839\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a9896d3\" data-id=\"a9896d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f27f1aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f27f1aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Q: Why did you choose to study in depth about solar cells during your master&#8217;s-doctoral degree? <\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a7889f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a7889f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">A:\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-42c0cd5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"42c0cd5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a38993\" data-id=\"3a38993\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d8d5dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d8d5dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI had previously studied semiconductors and electronic circuits during the bachelor\u2019s degree, and my advisor informed me that in studying semiconductors, one must choose to focus on either diode or solar cell. Therefore, I chose to study solar cells because I have never had experience in solar cells but already studied diode and semiconductors. At that time, there were not many people working on solar cell research in Thailand, except Prof. Dr. Dusit Krea-ngam, Prof. Dr. Somsak Panyakaew and Dr. Phopon Sitchnukit.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c336082 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c336082\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a715b65\" data-id=\"a715b65\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2822d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f2822d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Q: During a Ph.D study, what was your research topic? And which private company did you take an internship? <\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b9892d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b9892d2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0dc7be3\" data-id=\"0dc7be3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c967cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c967cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">A:\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6967d5c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6967d5c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4093488\" data-id=\"4093488\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2169fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f2169fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>My research topic was the development of a film layer in a crystalline silicon cell, which was an anti-reflection layer and reduces energy loss on the bottom and top electrodes by forming silicon nitride. Since solar cells require a lot of refraction, the top layer must be developed to reduce reflection and reduce other losses, therefore, I had developed silicon nitride film and silicon-oxide to be used in crystalline silicon cell structures.<\/p><p>During the internship, I worked at Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, where I learned about doing research and development of small cells, measurement and analysis of small cells and the actual fabricatiom process to create commercial solar panels.<\/p><p>Furthermore, subsidiary companies of Mitsubishi Electric not only produce various electrical and electronic devices but also have their own solar cell plantsl; however, most of them are sold within Japan and exported to countries other than Thailand. At that time, the company measured the properties of silicon wafers to determine which wafers would be suitable for building solar cells, as well as the selection and analysis method of how to achieve high efficiency and reduced loss.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fccbb09 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fccbb09\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-00fd281\" data-id=\"00fd281\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b281075 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b281075\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Q: Since Japan has a strong reputation for the production of electronic devices and solar cells. If we consider global picture,  is there any particular country to compete with Japan?<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-64defc6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"64defc6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-40df925\" data-id=\"40df925\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c017fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c017fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">A:\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-42c2f81 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"42c2f81\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1c6933\" data-id=\"b1c6933\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9afe34d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9afe34d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10 years ago, Japan competed with Germany and the United States, and used to have the highest solar panel capacity in the world. But now, China is one of the key players in this market.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8f23c41 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8f23c41\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4974a82\" data-id=\"4974a82\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bdf06f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3bdf06f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Q: When talking about solar cells, people usually think of black panels installed on the roof or on the ground. Could you give us an overview of solar photovoltaic technology and what does a solar cell consist of?<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cb9c3bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cb9c3bf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-55106d4\" data-id=\"55106d4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79e045d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"79e045d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">A: \u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0196233 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0196233\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0b17f2\" data-id=\"c0b17f2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3111dfe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3111dfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A solar cell l is a semiconductor with energy band gaps that directly absorb the solar spectrum. There are various types of solar cells, but\u00a0the most common is fabricated from \u00a0silicon for its affordable prices and large quantities. However, some types are rare, e.g., those made for rare earth, which is expensive and has high production cost. The doped material creates a potential difference in the PN junction, the photon [1] creates the negatively charged electron and the positively charged hole, both of them could conduct electricity. A potential difference, therefore, causes the electrons to move in the opposite direction of the hole, and when a circuit is complete, electricity is generated.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-735decf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"735decf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3072f59\" data-id=\"3072f59\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09ecca9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"09ecca9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"ref1\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<pre>[1] A photon is a particle of light and its energy depends on the wavelength of the light.<\/pre>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c8d5e1f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c8d5e1f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a4337cc\" data-id=\"a4337cc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51a6619 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"51a6619\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Q: How does the solar cell work? Does the research team view light as a wave or a particle?<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d7fd4e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d7fd4e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d784bd3\" data-id=\"d784bd3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c968047 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c968047\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">A: \u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9005e8d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9005e8d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4d1f279\" data-id=\"4d1f279\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1170399 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1170399\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It can be viewed both ways. If we talk about an electron and a hole, then we consider light as particles because, in solar cell measurements, one need to measure quantum efficiency [2] to see how much light is converted into electricity at each wavelength. On the contrary, if we consider light as wave, the amount of light energy per square meter before conversion will be of interest in order to see the whole picture.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d6a8b98 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d6a8b98\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-35c4f29\" data-id=\"35c4f29\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85c65ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"85c65ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"ref2\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bb72e68 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bb72e68\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-11d7dd0\" data-id=\"11d7dd0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-807d725 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"807d725\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"ref2\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<pre>[2] quantum efficiency is the amount of electrons that the materials emitted per amount of photon absorbed.<\/pre>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-01269bb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"01269bb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-53515a2\" data-id=\"53515a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12afe9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"12afe9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Q: What are the main components of a solar cell system? <\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5885900 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5885900\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e0f7329\" data-id=\"e0f7329\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e8754 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8e8754\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">A: \u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-81695b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"81695b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-396bd4a\" data-id=\"396bd4a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf8a7ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf8a7ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>A solar panel<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>It is a combination of cells connected to give the voltage and current required for the system.<\/p><ul><li><strong>An Inverter<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>This device is used with home appliances to convert direct current to alternating current because solar cells yield a direct current.<\/p><ul><li><strong>A battery<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>This device is required to store electrical energy produced from solar cells.<\/p><ul><li><strong>A charge controller<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>This device is necessary because the electricity produced from the solar cell may be irregular depending on the amount of sunlight; thus, it could damage the battery if charged directly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-871cbee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"871cbee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4860e80\" data-id=\"4860e80\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-741263a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"741263a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Q: If we talk about solar cells, it is a material that receives light and then converts into electricity. But if we look at the whole system, Is it called a solar photovoltaic system?<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-753f27d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"753f27d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ce7e4d9\" data-id=\"ce7e4d9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af9d5f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"af9d5f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">A: \u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-303c529 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"303c529\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-514a2f9\" data-id=\"514a2f9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b116a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b116a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yes, it is. Actually, there is another form of solar power generation, which is called a solar thermal to produce hot water or steam and then to generate electricity. However, if converted from light to direct electricity, it is called a solar photovoltaic system or solar PV system.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2cdc526 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2cdc526\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-91d009e\" data-id=\"91d009e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8229d73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8229d73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Q: From the point of view of materials that refer to different types of crystals such as monocrystalline, polycrystalline or multicrystalline, and amorphous, how do these crystals affect the difference in photovoltaic performance?<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc96c56 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc96c56\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-049d1a7\" data-id=\"049d1a7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04adae0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"04adae0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">A: \u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-791878f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"791878f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-569e0a5\" data-id=\"569e0a5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-989aff6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"989aff6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The most efficient photovoltaic crystals are single crystals because they are homogeneous. However, if it is polycrystalline, there will be grain boundaries, which cause a lost in energy. In the past, single crystal was quite expensive, therefore, polycrystallines are widely employed, even though with lower efficiency. But in economic terms, they are cost-effective.<\/p><p>At present, China&#8217;s large-scale production of single crystals has caused the price of single crystals to plummet, thus making single crystals dominates the market. About 96% of silicon wafers used in the solar cell industry are made in China, allowing China to control both from upstream to downstream and causing a price reduction since 2010. The price per watt of solar cells was once as high as 80 baht per watt, but now it&#8217;s now reduced to only 20 baht per watt. At the solar farm level the cost is lower than 10 baht per watt. Thus the cost of solar energy is lower due to decrease panel prices. In other words, other countries cannot lower prices as much as China because China is a wafer producer, and once it is sold, China is able to fully control both price and quality.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8f86f28 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8f86f28\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4692f2a\" data-id=\"4692f2a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c39679 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c39679\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Q: How competive is amorphous silicon thin film technology? <\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6b6031c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6b6031c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-43d93ea\" data-id=\"43d93ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc271a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fc271a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">A: \u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a157ed8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a157ed8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8a57d6\" data-id=\"e8a57d6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-925bb7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"925bb7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout 10 years ago, amorphous silicon thin film is a film coating technique by using gases such as silane or hydrogen to create an amorphous silicon film on the glass substrate because the cost is cheaper than single crystal.  Now, as the single crystal price was dropped to the same level as that of amorphous silicon thin film, thus causing the amorphous silicon thin film slowly disappeared from the market and only left in a very small proportion.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f4f5871 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f4f5871\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e61307\" data-id=\"5e61307\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ef53ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ef53ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Q: If the demand for amorphous silicon decreases, will its research and development continue or decrease following the trend of the market?<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-230c3a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"230c3a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-401174f\" data-id=\"401174f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65691ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65691ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">A: \u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6303380 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6303380\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8fd0c95\" data-id=\"8fd0c95\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3babc9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3babc9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIf the demand of for the amorphous silicon decreases, its research and development will be decreased and the amorphous silicon will be used as a layer in a crystalline silicon cell. It was originally used to fabricate solar cells but is now changed its role to be a supplement to increase the efficiency of crystalline silicon cells.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-30ff7fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"30ff7fb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5285cc0\" data-id=\"5285cc0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d076a3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d076a3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Q: While you were working at NECTEC, what was your research?<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6f98c3f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6f98c3f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d0dc86\" data-id=\"5d0dc86\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d839ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d839ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">A: \u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9369f92 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9369f92\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c70b9a\" data-id=\"5c70b9a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-828bb69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"828bb69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAt NECTEC, I was doing research on amorphous silicon thin films fabricated on a polyimide base, which was a flexible, rollable, portable plastic. At that time, in terms of technology, it was possible to make it in a laboratory measuring 10\u00d710 cm 2, but to scale it up, it required a roll-to-roll processing machine, which had cost constraints. That is to say, when the production is low but the price is high, thus it is not economically viable.  In addition, it is also difficult to find investors during the time that the crystals price were low, so others turned their attention to the crystal\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a611d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a611d7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e7c591f\" data-id=\"e7c591f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d38df0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6d38df0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.entec.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/flexible.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u0e40\u0e0b\u0e25\u0e25\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e17\u0e34\u0e15\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e42\u0e1e\u0e25\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e34\u0e44\u0e21\u0e14\u0e4cflexible\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTMwMiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5lbnRlYy5vci50aFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMVwvMDZcL2ZsZXhpYmxlLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"341\" height=\"307\" src=\"https:\/\/www.entec.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/flexible.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5302\" alt=\"\u0e40\u0e0b\u0e25\u0e25\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e17\u0e34\u0e15\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e42\u0e1e\u0e25\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e34\u0e44\u0e21\u0e14\u0e4c\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.entec.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/flexible.jpg 341w, https:\/\/www.entec.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/flexible-300x270.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.entec.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/flexible-13x12.jpg 13w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 341px) 100vw, 341px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Flexible solar cells built on a polyimide base <p> Image source: The research and development of Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells on Bendable Base  by NSTDA in 2010<\/p><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-45a8da1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"45a8da1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-72df708\" data-id=\"72df708\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f2c371 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f2c371\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"margin-bottom: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; color: #808080; font-size: 1.3em; background-color: #20b2aa;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Q: When the crystal price decreases, how do the research direction respond?<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div> &hellip;<p class=\"ast-the-content-more-link\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.entec.or.th\/knowledge-solar-cell\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Solar cell power<\/span>Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Dr. Amornrat Limmanee, Solar Photovoltaic Team Leader of Solar Photovoltaic Research Team,Energy Innovation Research\u00a0 Group of ENTEC Interviewed by Dr. Buncha Thanaboonsombut Article by Mrs. Orawan Sumriddetkajorn Q: Could you tell us about your educational background? We have known that you studied high school in Japan, right? A:\u00a0 After I graduated from junior high [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5244,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[328],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-knowledge"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.entec.or.th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5242","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.entec.or.th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.entec.or.th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.entec.or.th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.entec.or.th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5242"}],"version-history":[{"count":222,"href":"https:\/\/www.entec.or.th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5242\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5805,"href":"https:\/\/www.entec.or.th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5242\/revisions\/5805"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.entec.or.th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5244"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.entec.or.th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5242"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.entec.or.th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5242"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.entec.or.th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5242"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}