A lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cell operates through the utilization of sulfur as the cathode and lithium as the anode. In the discharge phase, lithium ions transfer from the anode to the cathode, causing the reduction of sulfur to lithium sulfide. Conversely, during the charging phase, this mechanism reverses, with lithium ions migrating back to the anode and sulfur undergoing reoxidation. This cyclical process enables the battery to both store and discharge energy efficiently. While lithium-sulfur batteries boast a commendable energy density, they encounter challenges such as the shuttle effect, which can result in diminished capacity over time.